Oil-engine.



P AT ENTED DEC. 31, 1907.

0. GASISBTT.

OIL ENGINE.

APPLIQATION FILED MAR. 9. 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W I 0 f se No. 875,256. I PATENTED DEC. 31, 1907.

OLGASSETT OIL ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

{JESS-THEE PATENTED DEC. 31, 1907.

0. GASSETT.

OIL ENGINE.

APPLICATION P11 121) MAR. 9, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

. I k/fjsi a cup or shell openat its outer end whereby ionirnn srarns;

PATENT illh lt lltllh OSCAR GASSETT, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

OIL-ENGINE.

Application filed March 9 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 'Dec. 31, 1907.

1903- Serial No. 146.890.

parts.

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engineand is embodied in an engine capable of' being operated with kerosene oil, the invention mainly relating to a certain novel construction and arrangement whereby the c linder is thoroughly each workin stroke and perfect combustion of the fuel 0 tained.

The invention further relates to novel means for vaporizing the fuel, the machine being provided with a vaporizer which proects into the cylinder, and is adapted to be eated in the first instance by means of a torch applied at the outside of the engine and afterwards by the heat of the combustion itself during the operation of the engine, the fuelinlet being so placed as to force ajet of oil against said vaporizer.

In accordance with the invention, the vaporizer projects into the inlet portion of the cylinder and is shown as in the form of it may conveniently be subjected to the action of a suitable torch or other heating device, the oil being introduced to the cylinder so as to come in contact with theheated shell, which acts not only as a vaporizer but as a deflector for the oil which is thus at once vaporized and distributed throughout thevolume of compressed air in the cylinder.

This vaporizing deflector, as-it maty be called, embodies an important feature 0 the invention, 'sinceit-is due to this member that the oil introduced is at once va orized and mixed with the air, so that no car oni'zing of the oil takes place, and no fouling of the cylinder or piston.

, The cylinder is supplied with compressed air in any suitable way, the piston during its out-stroke bein herein s. own as constituting a pump ,a ter the usual custom in twocycle engines, which compresses air and forces the same into the cylinder during the out-stroke of the piston, or-rather as soon as the pressure behind the piston has become reduced lower than that of the air compressed front of the piston. I

In accordance with the invention, the cylinder isfurther provided with means for supplying the charge with an agitating jet during the combustion thereof, said means bein herein shown as consistin of a supplementa. chamber or pocket whicreceives air at a pressure e ual to that of the air in the cylinmunication with the cylinder, so that the air stored in said pocket escapes me jet, so to speak, as the pressure within the cylinder becomes reduced, thus following the burning oil and keeping the same thoroughly sup lied with oxygen so as to obtain substantial y perfect combustion, the action being somewhat similar to that of a blow- P P Figure 1 is a side elevation of an engine embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal'section ofthe same; Fig. 3 is a detail on a larger scale showing in section the oil pump; Fig. 4 is a sections. detail on the same scale as Fig. 3, showing the air inlet; and Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the parts shown in Fig 4, looking toward the right.

The engine embodying the invention is provided with the c linder (1 containing the piston b, the said cy 'nder having at one end an inlet-portion a which is shown as smaller in diameter than the body of the cylinder,

ber 0. which is shown as containing the pitman connection I), the construction thus far being substantially the same as that in the ordinary type of two cycle engines, except for the difference in diameter between the inlet-portion and the body of the cylinder, which, however, is not essential to the present invention.

The piston is provided with an inner face I) and outer face I), the latter having substantially twice the area of the former so as to act upon a large quantity of air in the chamber a which is supplied with air through a pipe aprovided at one end with a into the chamber a during the iii-stroke of the piston. The said pipe a is connected by meansof a pipe a and suitable controlling the piston will open t e valve a and blow into the explosion chamber as soon as the working pressure therein is reduced b the opening of the exhaust ports a whi are valve a, Fig. 4, with the combustion chamher a so that the com ressed'air in front of I der itself, t e said pocket being herein shown as having a restricted passage'in open comand at the opposite end a compression chamcheck valve 0. through which air is sucked sufiicient to cause the mixture the cylinder and primarily heate shown as in the side of the cylinderand controlled by the piston 11;

The pipe a constitutes both the inlet and the outlet for, the air', the checkvalve a being at the end of the ipe, there being, therefore, first a current 0 air in one direction and then a current of air in the opposite direction which tends to keep the pipe clear of oreign substances such as lubricating oil, and del 0 creases the liability of accidental introduction OfSllCll substances into the cylinder.

The valve 07 will -be maintained seated against the pressure of the compressed air during the Working stroke when the pressure of the burning gases is greatly in excess of the compressed air pressure, but the said valve will openas soon as the exhaust ports are opened, letting a sudden rush of fresh air blow into the combustion chamber and cylinder, thus blowing out all the products of combustion through the exhaust ports, and thoroughly cleaning the cylinder. This action 1s only momentary, since the exhaust. is almost immediately closed during the return movement of the piston and the compressed air is thus entrapped in the cylinder and further compressed by the return mov.e'

ment of the piston.

The fuel, such as kerosene oil, is introduced into the cylinder through a pipe-c which opens at a point adjacent to the vaporizer (I, said oil beingforced in by means of a pump 6 which is provided with inlet and outet checkvalves e and e and a plunger 6 which is operated by a cam e on the main'driving shaft'A. As herein shown, the said cam acts upon one member of an elbow lever e, the

other member of which acts directly upon the end of the plunger rod e to cause the active stroke thereof, the return stroke being produced by'means of a s ring c which is introduced between a shou der e upon the rod and an adjusting member a. v

The effective stroke of the pump is caused substantially at the time when-the piston is at the end of its return stroke, a jet of -oil thus being forced. into the compressed air in the cylinder, the charge of combustible material thus formed being vaporized by means of the igniting cone d, which is, shown as a comparatively thin shell pr 'ecting into externally by means of the torch d and kept heated by the heat of the combustion during the run-- ning of the engine, the compression being air and vapor to burn.

The perfect combustion 'of the, oil is assured in accordance with the present invention by agitating and oxidizing the charge during the combustion thereof.

" be accomplished by providing the linden with a supplemental chamber f, .w 'ch is shown as in open communication with the. inlet portion a through a restricted passage of compressed cylinder and piston; means for introducing.

This may f the said supplemental chamber receiving a quantity of pure air at a pressure equal to that of the air in the cylinder prior to the injection of the fuel, the said extra supply of air escaping into the cylinder as the pres-' sure therein becomes reduced, thus blowing,

as it were, an additional supply of oxygen ciently heated to start the engine, for the reason that the heat of the combustion in the operation of the engine will maintain the said vaporizer sufficiently heated to vaporize the' oil, or other fuel, whenit is forced into the cylinder and supplied with air, the I pressure being sufficient to cause ignition.

The supplemental chamber f with its sup.

ply of air which escapes at the'proper time and is renewed by the incoming air through the pipe at when the exhaust is opened, gives an additional supply of oxygen which is distributed throughout the cylinder as the piston travels outward, the result being that substantially perfect combustion is obtained,

so that the cylinder will not become fouled.

The speed and power of the engine may be perfectly controlled by simply controlling the amount of fuel introduced, this being accomplished in the construction shown by means of the adjusting member 6 which is shown as screw-threaded in a portion of r the supporting frame (see Fig.3), and which forms an abutment or shoulder a on the pump rod 6. The said pump rod is given a predetermined definite forward movement at each revolution by means of the cam a as hereinhefore described, the shoulder e determining the initial position of the valve red prior tothe'movement thereof.' It is obvious, therefore, that if the adjusting member e is moved to the left, as throu .the agency of the screw thread, the initial or starting position of the pumprod will be nearer to the position to which it is moved through the agency' of the cam, theresult bein that the pump has a shorterstroke and forces a smaller amount'of fuel into the combustion chamber.

. Claims. i

1. In an internal combustion engine, a

compressed air to the-cylinder, behind the.

piston, 'at'the end of the outstroke thereof;

means for introducing fuel to the cylinder; means for causing the operation of said 111- ,troducing means substantially at the time when the piston has completed its stroke; a va orizing deflector projecting into the cylin er behind the piston; and a supplef mental chamber independent of the oil introducing means and of the vaporizing deflector, said chamber opening into the cylinto the cylinder behind the piston; means r'orintroducing air'into the cylinder; means for introducing fuel into the cylinder; and

a supplemental chamber opening into the cylinder, said chamber being independent of said Vaporizer.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and iston; a vaporizer projectin into the cylin erbehind the piston; a close compressin chamber in front of the piston; an air pipe eading from said chamber to the rear end of the cylinder; inlet and outlet check Valves near the cylinder ends of said pipe; means for introducing fuel to the cylinder; a vaporizing deflector projecting into the cylinder; communicating with the cylinder, said supplemental chamber being independent of the means for introducing the fuel'and of the vaporizer.

4; In an-internal combustion en ine, the combination with the cylinder an piston; of means for introducing compressed air into the cylinder when the piston is substantially at the end of its outstroke; an oil inlet; means for forcing oil into the cylinder through said inlet; and a supplemental independent chamber having a jet orifice communicating with the cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OSCAR GASSETT.

Witnesses: 1

HENRY J .LIVERMORE, JAs. J. MALONEY.

and a supplemental chamber 

